提高雅思词汇量——环境篇

　　本文是<提高雅思词汇量>5篇系列文章之三，你可以先来回顾一下前两篇文章：
 

　　提高雅思词汇量——教育篇
 

　　提高雅思词汇量——交通篇
 

　　这篇文章讲述雅思考试中与环境相关的词汇。我们仍将用词汇集和子主题的形式来介绍，你可以整理在自己的词汇本里。最后还会介绍一些自然与环境习语，请继续阅读!
 

　　“环境”相关词汇
 

　　“环境”是相当常见的雅思主题之一，尤其在雅思口语考试Part 3，以及雅思写作考试Task 2中经常会遇到。在雅思口语考试Part 3中，考官会与你深入讨论这个主题，并且能有效的支持你的论点。在雅思写作考试Task 2中，可能需要你分析一个与环境相关的问题，通过分析原因、预测结果，来提供可行性解决方案。为帮助大家充分准备好这两种类型题目，我们整理了三个与环境相关的子主题，每个子主题中都含有你可以在雅思考试中使用的单词和短语。
 

　　第1组：自然界 The natural world
 

　　wildlife

词性	noun
含义	animals and plants that grow in natural conditions
搭配	endangered wildlife local/native wildlife preserve/protect/save wildlife endanger/threaten/damage/harm wildlife wildlife conservation/protection
例句	It is well known that the use of pesticides harms wildlife, yet we continue to use them.
发音	/ˈwaɪld.laɪf/

       biodiversity

词性	noun
含义	the variety of life (plants and animals) found in a particular place
搭配	preserve biodiversity biodiversity conservation loss of biodiversity
例句	I believe more funding should be made available for biodiversity conservation.
发音	/ˌbaɪ.əʊ.daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/

        ecology

词性	noun
含义	the relationship between living things and their environment in a particular area
搭配	animal/human/marine/plant fragile ecology damage/disrupt the ecology
例句	Water pollution has caused great damage to the marine ecology.
发音	/iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

        第2组: 环境问题Environmental issues

       emission

词性	noun
含义	an amount of something, particularly a harmful gas, that is sent out into the air
搭配	emissions of greenhouse gases/carbon dioxide cut/reduce/limit emissions emission cuts/reductions/control
例句	I think developed countries should aim to reduce emissions, even if it means slower economic growth.
发音	/ɪˈmɪʃən/

        global warming

词性	noun
含义	an increase in the earth’s temperature that causes changes in climate
搭配	fight/combat/tackle global warming contribute to global warming the effects of global warming
例句	Some people think that it’s too late to reverse the effects of global warming.
发音	/ˌɡləʊ.bəl ˈwɔː.mɪŋ/

        carbon footprint

词性	noun
含义	a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that a person or organization produces
搭配	reduce the carbon footprint of
例句	Nowadays, more and more organizations are committed to reducing their carbon footprint.
发音	/ˌkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

       dumping ground

词性	noun
含义	a place where things that are not wanted are left
搭配	a dumping ground for
例句	We must stop treating our oceans like a dumping ground.
发音	/ˈdʌm.pɪŋ ˌɡraʊnd/

       oil spill

词性	noun
含义	an accident in which oil has come out of a ship and into the environment, and caused pollution
搭配	victims of oil spills large scale oil spills
例句	Many species of fish and birds are often victims of oil spills.
发音	/ˈɔɪl ˌspɪl/

　　第3组：保护环境 Helping the environment

　　carbon-neutral

词性	adjective
含义	If a person, activity or organization is carbon-neutral, it does things like planting trees to reduce carbon dioxide by the same amount as it produces it.
搭配	become (totally) carbon-neutral
例句	Being carbon-neutral should be the goal of every responsible company.
发音	/ˌkɑː.bənˈnjuː.trəl/

        environmentally-friendly

词性	adjective
含义	not harmful to the environment
搭配	environmentally-friendly business/company environmentally-friendly practices environmentally-friendly technologies environmentally-friendly products
例句	It is important that, as customers, we demand environmentally-friendly products.
发音	/ɪn.vaɪ.rənˌmen.təl.i ˈfrend.li/

        preserve

词性	verb
含义	to keep something as it is
搭配	preserve the environment seek to/try to preserve help (to) preserve
例句	We must help to preserve the environment for future generations.
发音	/prɪˈzɜːv/

        sustainability

词性	noun
含义	the idea that we should meet our own needs in ways that do not damage the environment and that do not use resources that cannot be replaced
搭配	environmental sustainability sustainability of sth promote sustainability
例句	From recycling to using public transport, there are many things that we can all do to promote sustainability.
发音	/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/

       biodegradable

词性	adjective
含义	able to decay in a natural way that is not harmful to the environment
搭配	biodegradable packaging/materials
例句	I always buy products that come in biodegradable packaging.
发音	/ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

        自然与环境相关习语：

习语	解释	例句
Mother Nature	nature or weather considered as a force that controls all living things	It’s easy to forget about all of the wonders that Mother Nature provides us.
to go/get back to nature	to start living a simpler life, one that allows us to be more in tune with nature	I was ready to get away from the city and go back to nature.
to go green	to choose an environmentally-friendly lifestyle	We’ve decided to go green by eating natural, organic, locally produced foods.

　　雅思考试中，各种主题还会交叉出现。例如交通问题，也会涉及到环境问题上。也正因如此，你需要提前做好准备，以便在考场上可以从各个方面来回答考题，并且灵活运用这些新学的雅思词汇来描述。
 

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