略读与寻读技巧与雅思考试

　    略读和寻读有何不同?
 

　　略读是通过快速阅读，找到文段大意；
 

　　寻读是通过快速阅读，找到文段中的具体细节。
 

　　略读技巧有哪些?
 

　　一般来说，文章标题、章节标题、段落中心句等就是文章主旨。略读时，尤其要注意文章的主要部分，例如标题和章节标题等。这样一来，整篇材料/章节/段落的中心思想会非常明确。
 

　　阅读段落首句和最后一句是另一种很好的略读技巧。首尾句概括了整段话关键信息。熟练掌握这种技巧后，做文章或章节标题标题匹配类问题就简单多了。
 

　　请阅读下面文章的首尾句，掌握文章大意：
 

　　A
 

　　There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year.
 

　　This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
 

　　B
 

　　While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes.
 

　　In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.
 

　　C
 

　　Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse.
 

　　Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?
 

　　D
 

　　In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport.
 

　　Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.
 

　　E
 

　　A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails - congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on.
 

　　It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.
 

　　F
 

　　Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuelled efficiency of engines.
 

　　Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.
 

　　G
 

　　Some argue that the only long-term solution is to design cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport.
 

　　But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision – and the capital – to make such profound changes in modern lifestyles.
 

　　H
 

　　A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small ‘low emission’ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere.
 

　　In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.
 

　　阅读文章首尾段也是一种略读技巧，在回答文章标题匹配类问题时尤为适用。这种方法可以让你更清楚文章主旨。
 

　　请阅读首尾段来了解这篇文章大意：
 

　　A
 

　　There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
 

　　H
 

　　A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small ‘low emission’ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.
 

　　再阅读上面整篇文章，看与自己理解的中心思想是否一致。
 

　　寻读技巧有哪些?
 

　　寻读最重要的是找关键词。寻读文本时，您需要注意专有名词、日期、数字和时间等。寻读时也可以找到文章细节。
 

　　寻读文章时，最重要的是带着问题中的关键词来阅读文章。
 

　　寻找细节的方法有很多。下面为大家介绍几个例子：

　　您可以用手指或钢笔/铅笔来引读。把关键词圈出来或者划出来也是一个好方法。
 

　　阅读下文，在圈出关键词：
 

　　A
 

　　There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
 

　　对比下，你圈出的关键词是不是相同：
 

　　A
 

　　There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
 

　　你可以用本文提到的方法来回答这篇阅读后面的问题：
 

　　Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
 

　　Questions 14 – 19
 

　　Sample Passage 7 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.
 

　　Which paragraphs contains the following information?
 

　　Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
 

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.
 

　　14 a comparison of past and present transportation methods
 

　　15 how driving habits contribute to road problems
 

　　16 the relative merits of cars and public transport
 

　　17 the writer’s prediction on future solutions
 

　　18 the increasing use of motor vehicles
 

　　19 the impact of the car on city development

 

　　为了在有限的时间内答完雅思阅读考试题目，你需要练习略读和寻读技巧。