提高雅思词汇量——教育篇

　　如果你正在背诵雅思词汇，制定阶段性目标非常重要。例如，阅读英文书籍是学习新词汇的绝佳方式，但如果你近期就要参加雅思考试，这可能不是最适合的方法。

　　在本系列文章中，将为你介绍学习雅思词汇的各种方法，每篇文章都将重点介绍一个常见的雅思考试的主题，并介绍如何将单词和短语排列成词汇组。创建自己的词汇集，而不是简单地背诵词汇表，可以确保学习过程对自己有用。为了帮助大家入门，文章中还整理了如何使用单词和短语的示例，以及如何使用它们。

　　“教育”相关词汇

　　考生经常被要求在雅思口语考试中谈论自己的教育背景，因此你必须具备描述学校经历所需的词汇量。从与个人相关的单词和短语来开始记录自己的词汇集，虽然一开始可能还不熟悉。一段时间之后，你就可以使用其他单词和短语来扩展您的词汇集，用自己积累起来的词汇集，以更常用的表达来谈论或写作与有关教育的内容。

　　为了让词汇集真正发挥作用，你需要的不仅仅是带有翻译的单词列表。我们建议你记录一些细节，以帮助正确使用新词汇。这些细节包括词性、含义、搭配，例句，以及发音注释。看看下面的词汇集。这些单词被分为相关的子主题，并包含每个单词或短语的重要信息：

　　第1组：参与教育的人 People involved in education

　　1. undergraduate

词性	Noun
含义	a student who is studying for their first degree at a college or university
搭配	college/university undergraduate first-year/second-year undergraduate undergraduate student
例句	I was a 20-year-old undergraduate student back then.
发音	/ˌʌn·dərˈɡrædʒ·u·ət/

　　2. tutor

词性	noun
含义	a teacher paid to work privately with one student or a small group
搭配	school/college/university tutor course tutor personal/private tutor
例句	My parents got me a private tutor to help with my studies.
发音	/ˈtʃuː.tər/

　　3. pupil（英式）

词性	Noun
含义	a person, usually a child at school, who is being taught
搭配	first-year/second-year pupil school/primary/secondary pupil
例句	Teachers need to make sure that all pupils reach their full potential.
发音	/ˈpjuː.pəl/

　　第2组：学校/教育类型 Types of school/education

　　1. single-sex

词性	adjective
含义	a school for either girls or boys, but not both (antonym: mixed/coeducational school)
搭配	single-sex school single-sex education
例句	I went to single-sex school.
发音	/ˌʌn·dərˈɡrædʒ·u·ət/

　　2. boarding school

词性	noun
含义	a school where students live and study
搭配	go to boarding school private/military/christian/catholic boarding school
例句	Students at boarding schools are under stricter discipline.
发音	/ˈbɔː.dɪŋ ˌskuːl/

　　3. college

词性	noun
含义	a place of higher education or specialized professional or vocational training
搭配	community/local college attend/go to college finish/graduate from college to be at/in college
例句	After high school, I wanted to go to college and study graphic design.
发音	/ˈkɒl.ɪdʒ/

　　第3组：大学/学院学位University/college qualifications

　　1. master’s degree

词性	noun
含义	an advanced college or university degree
搭配	a master’s degree in (subject) to be awarded/to earn a master’s degree
例句	It took me over 2 years to earn my master’s degree.
发音	/ˌmɑː.stəz dɪˈɡriː/

　　2. diploma

词性	noun
含义	a document given by a college or university to show that a person has passed an exam or finished their studies
搭配	a college/university diploma a graduate/postgraduate/professional diploma a diploma in (subject) a diploma holder get/obtain/receive/have a diploma
例句	Diploma holders have a much better chance of employment than those with no qualifications.
发音	/dɪˈpləʊ.mə/

　　3. postdoctoral （或postdoc）

词性	adjective
含义	advanced work or study that a person does after completing their doctoral studies (PhD)
搭配	postdoctoral work/research/project postdoctoral fellowship postdoctoral student/fellow
例句	She has supervised several postdoctoral projects at the university.
发音	/ˌpəʊstˈdɒk.tər.əl/

　　第4组：大学/大学工作University/college work

　　1. research

词性	noun
含义	a detailed study of a particular subject
搭配	carry out/conduct/do research be based on research academic/medical/scientific research research findings/results research into/on (subject)
例句	I read about a fascinating research project on songbirds and how they communicate.
发音	/ˈriː.sɜːtʃ/

2. dissertation

词性	noun
含义	a long piece of writing on a specific subject, usually completed to receive a degree at a college or university
搭配	undergraduate/master’s/doctoral dissertation research dissertation do/prepare/write a dissertation hand in/present/submit a dissertation a dissertation on (subject)
例句	Students can either write a dissertation or participate in a more practical project.
发音	/ˌdɪs.əˈteɪ.ʃən/

3. seminar

词性	noun
含义	an occasion when a teacher or professor and a group of students meet for training, discussion or study on a subject
搭配	conduct/give a seminar attend/go to a seminar a series of seminars
例句	I attended every single seminar when I was a university student.
发音	/ˈsem.ɪ.nɑːr/

除了上文提到的类别外，还有primary/secondary school subjects小学/中学科目（例如 literature, geography, physics），education finances教育花销（例如tuition, student loan, enrollment）和school facilities学校设施（例如laboratory, campus, dorms）。

要扩展词汇，你还可以利用在线资源：搜索教育相关文章，查看词汇教学方法，使用在线词典和搭配词典。一旦发现可以在雅思考试中使用的新词汇，就将其记录下来，而且不要忘记为每个新词添加上述相关详细信息。如果还没有这样做，那么建议你在准备雅思考试时，最好先准备一个词汇笔记本随身携带。

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2019年 01月24日